09 May 2023
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09 May 2023 Static Quiz for UPSC Prelims
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
2 pointsConsider the following statements regarding the distribution of the Rain:
1. Between 45 degree and 65-degree N and S of equator, the rain increases towards the east on the
continents.
2. Between 35 degree and 40-degree N and S of the equator, the rain is heavier on the western coasts.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Correct Answer: D
Explanation
Both the statements are incorrect. In general, as we proceed from the equator towards the poles,
rainfall goes on decreasing steadily. The coastal areas of the world receive greater amounts of rainfall
than the interior of the continents. The rainfall is more over the oceans than on the landmasses of the
world because of being great sources of water. Between the latitudes 350 and 400 N and S of the
equator, the rain is heavier on the eastern coasts and goes on decreasing towards the west. But,
between 450 and 650 N and S of equator, due to the westerlies, the rainfall is first received on the
western margins of the continents and it goes on decreasing towards the east. Both the statements are
reversed.Incorrect
Correct Answer: D
Explanation
Both the statements are incorrect. In general, as we proceed from the equator towards the poles,
rainfall goes on decreasing steadily. The coastal areas of the world receive greater amounts of rainfall
than the interior of the continents. The rainfall is more over the oceans than on the landmasses of the
world because of being great sources of water. Between the latitudes 350 and 400 N and S of the
equator, the rain is heavier on the eastern coasts and goes on decreasing towards the west. But,
between 450 and 650 N and S of equator, due to the westerlies, the rainfall is first received on the
western margins of the continents and it goes on decreasing towards the east. Both the statements are
reversed. -
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
2 pointsWith reference to Thermohaline circulation, consider the following statements:
1. It refers to the continuous replacement of seawater at depths with water from the surface.
2. It drives warmer surface waters polewards from the tropics.
3. It is faster than the wind-driven circulation of surface ocean currents.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Correct Answer: A
Explanation
• Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Thermohaline circulation, also called Global Ocean Conveyor or Great
Ocean Conveyor Belt, the component of general oceanic circulation controlled by horizontal differences
in temperature and salinity. It continually replaces seawater at depth with water from the surface and
slowly replaces surface water elsewhere with water rising from deeper depths. Although this process is
relatively slow, tremendous volumes of water are moved, which transport heat, nutrients, solids, and
other materials vast distances.
• Thermohaline circulation also drives warmer surface waters poleward from the subtropics, which
moderates the climate of Iceland and other coastal areas of Europe.
• The general circulation of the oceans consists primarily of wind-driven ocean currents. These,
however, are superimposed on the much more sluggish circulation driven by horizontal differences in
temperature and salinity-namely, thermohaline circulation.
• Wind-driven circulation, which is strongest in the surface layer of the ocean, is the more vigorous of
the two and is configured as large gyres that dominate an ocean region. In contrast, thermohaline
circulation is much slower, with a typical speed of 1 centimetre (0.4 inch) per second, but this flow
extends to the seafloor and forms circulation patterns that envelop the global ocean. Hence, statement
3 is incorrect.Incorrect
Correct Answer: A
Explanation
• Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Thermohaline circulation, also called Global Ocean Conveyor or Great
Ocean Conveyor Belt, the component of general oceanic circulation controlled by horizontal differences
in temperature and salinity. It continually replaces seawater at depth with water from the surface and
slowly replaces surface water elsewhere with water rising from deeper depths. Although this process is
relatively slow, tremendous volumes of water are moved, which transport heat, nutrients, solids, and
other materials vast distances.
• Thermohaline circulation also drives warmer surface waters poleward from the subtropics, which
moderates the climate of Iceland and other coastal areas of Europe.
• The general circulation of the oceans consists primarily of wind-driven ocean currents. These,
however, are superimposed on the much more sluggish circulation driven by horizontal differences in
temperature and salinity-namely, thermohaline circulation.
• Wind-driven circulation, which is strongest in the surface layer of the ocean, is the more vigorous of
the two and is configured as large gyres that dominate an ocean region. In contrast, thermohaline
circulation is much slower, with a typical speed of 1 centimetre (0.4 inch) per second, but this flow
extends to the seafloor and forms circulation patterns that envelop the global ocean. Hence, statement
3 is incorrect. -
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
2 pointsWhich among the following factors affect the Erosion process?
1. Climate
2. topography
3. Vegetation
4. Tectonic Activities
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Correct Answer: D
Explanation
All the statements are correct
Climate: Climate is perhaps the most influential force impacting the effect of erosion on a landscape.
Climate includes precipitation and wind.
Topography: The shape of surface features of an area, can contribute to how erosion impacts that area.
The earthen floodplains of river valleys are much more prone to erosion than rocky flood channels,
which may take centuries to erode.
Vegetation: Vegetation can slow the impact of erosion. Plant roots adhere to soil and rock particles,
preventing their transport during rainfall or wind events.
Tectonic Activities: Tectonic activity shapes the landscape itself, and thus influences the way erosion
impacts an area.Incorrect
Correct Answer: D
Explanation
All the statements are correct
Climate: Climate is perhaps the most influential force impacting the effect of erosion on a landscape.
Climate includes precipitation and wind.
Topography: The shape of surface features of an area, can contribute to how erosion impacts that area.
The earthen floodplains of river valleys are much more prone to erosion than rocky flood channels,
which may take centuries to erode.
Vegetation: Vegetation can slow the impact of erosion. Plant roots adhere to soil and rock particles,
preventing their transport during rainfall or wind events.
Tectonic Activities: Tectonic activity shapes the landscape itself, and thus influences the way erosion
impacts an area. -
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
2 pointsWith reference to ocean currents and waves, consider the following statements:
1. Ocean currents are the horizontal motion of water while the waves are the vertical motion of water.
2. Both the ocean currents and waves cause movement of water from one place to another.
Which of the statements given above is/are incorrect?Correct
Correct Answer: B
Explanation
Statement-1 is correct, while statement-2 is incorrect.
The ocean currents are the horizontal flow of a mass of water in a fairly defined direction over great
distances. Waves are nothing but the oscillatory movements that result in the rise and fall of water
surface. They are actually the energy, not the water as such, which moves across the ocean surface.
However in ocean currents, water actually moves from one place to another.Incorrect
Correct Answer: B
Explanation
Statement-1 is correct, while statement-2 is incorrect.
The ocean currents are the horizontal flow of a mass of water in a fairly defined direction over great
distances. Waves are nothing but the oscillatory movements that result in the rise and fall of water
surface. They are actually the energy, not the water as such, which moves across the ocean surface.
However in ocean currents, water actually moves from one place to another. -
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
2 pointsConsider the following statements regarding the atmosphere:
1. Water vapour acts as a greenhouse agent to the atmosphere.
2. Dust particles has no role in the process of precipitation.
3. Pollen, dust and disintegrated particles of meteors contribute to the dust particles in the atmosphere.
Which among the above statements is/are correct?Correct
Correct Answer: C
Explanation
Atmosphere has a sufficient capacity to keep small solid particles, which may originate from different
sources and include sea salts, fine soil, smoke-soot, ash, pollen, dust and disintegrated particles of
meteors. (Statement 1 is correct) Dust particles are generally concentrated in the lower layers of the
atmosphere; yet, convection air currents may transport them to great heights. The higher concentration
of dust particles is found in subtropical and temperate regions due to dry winds in comparison to
equatorial and polar regions. Dust and salt particles act as hygroscopic nuclei around which water
vapour condenses to produce clouds. (Statement 2 is Incorrect)
Water vapour is also a variable gas in the atmosphere, which decreases with altitude. In the warm and
wet tropics, it may account for four per cent of the air by volume, while in the dry and cold areas of
desert and polar regions, it may be less than one per cent of the air. Water vapour also decreases from
the equator towards the poles. It also absorbs parts of the insolation from the sun and preserves the
earth’s radiated heat. It thus, acts like a blanket and results in greenhouse gas effect. Statement 3 is
correct allowing the earth neither to become too cold nor too hot.Incorrect
Correct Answer: C
Explanation
Atmosphere has a sufficient capacity to keep small solid particles, which may originate from different
sources and include sea salts, fine soil, smoke-soot, ash, pollen, dust and disintegrated particles of
meteors. (Statement 1 is correct) Dust particles are generally concentrated in the lower layers of the
atmosphere; yet, convection air currents may transport them to great heights. The higher concentration
of dust particles is found in subtropical and temperate regions due to dry winds in comparison to
equatorial and polar regions. Dust and salt particles act as hygroscopic nuclei around which water
vapour condenses to produce clouds. (Statement 2 is Incorrect)
Water vapour is also a variable gas in the atmosphere, which decreases with altitude. In the warm and
wet tropics, it may account for four per cent of the air by volume, while in the dry and cold areas of
desert and polar regions, it may be less than one per cent of the air. Water vapour also decreases from
the equator towards the poles. It also absorbs parts of the insolation from the sun and preserves the
earth’s radiated heat. It thus, acts like a blanket and results in greenhouse gas effect. Statement 3 is
correct allowing the earth neither to become too cold nor too hot.
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