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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
2 points
Which among the following affect the behaviour of the monsoon over India?
1. Subtropical westerly jetstream
2. Tropical easterly jet stream
3. El Nino and La Nina
4. Indian Ocean Dipole
5. Anthropogenic aerosols
Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
Correct
Incorrect
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2 points
With reference to the Northeast monsoon, consider the following statements:
1. About 75 per cent of the country’s annual rainfall is received from the Northeast monsoon between June and September.
2. While La Niña conditions enhance the rainfall associated with the Southwest monsoon, it has a
negative impact on rainfall associated with the Northeast monsoon.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation:
The Northeast monsoon has remained subdued this year. Rainfall over the Southern peninsular region has been deficient so far. The reason is a prevalent La Niña condition, along with a low pressure belt that is currently lying to the north of its normal position.
India receives rainfall during two seasons. About 75 per cent of the country’s annual rainfall is received from the Southwest monsoon between June and September. The Northeast monsoon, on the other hand, occurs during October to December, and is a comparatively small-scale monsoon, which is confined to the Southern peninsula. Also called the winter monsoon, the rainfall associated with the Northeast monsoon is important for Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Karaikal, Yanam, coastal Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, north interior Karnataka, Mahe and Lakshadweep.
How is La Niña linked with the Northeast monsoon?
While La Niña conditions enhance the rainfall associated with the Southwest monsoon, it has a negative impact on rainfall associated with the Northeast monsoon. during La Niña years, the synoptic systems — low pressure or cyclones — formed in the Bay of Bengal remain significantly to the north of their normal position. Besides, instead of moving westwards, these systems recurve. As they lie to the north of their normal position, not much rainfall occurs over southern regions like Tamil Nadu.
Hence only statement 2 is correct.
Incorrect
Explanation:
The Northeast monsoon has remained subdued this year. Rainfall over the Southern peninsular region has been deficient so far. The reason is a prevalent La Niña condition, along with a low pressure belt that is currently lying to the north of its normal position.
India receives rainfall during two seasons. About 75 per cent of the country’s annual rainfall is received from the Southwest monsoon between June and September. The Northeast monsoon, on the other hand, occurs during October to December, and is a comparatively small-scale monsoon, which is confined to the Southern peninsula. Also called the winter monsoon, the rainfall associated with the Northeast monsoon is important for Tamil Nadu, Puducherry, Karaikal, Yanam, coastal Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, north interior Karnataka, Mahe and Lakshadweep.
How is La Niña linked with the Northeast monsoon?
While La Niña conditions enhance the rainfall associated with the Southwest monsoon, it has a negative impact on rainfall associated with the Northeast monsoon. during La Niña years, the synoptic systems — low pressure or cyclones — formed in the Bay of Bengal remain significantly to the north of their normal position. Besides, instead of moving westwards, these systems recurve. As they lie to the north of their normal position, not much rainfall occurs over southern regions like Tamil Nadu.
Hence only statement 2 is correct.
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
2 points
With reference to Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), consider the following statements:
1. It refers to the difference in sea-surface temperatures in opposite parts of the Indian Ocean.
2. Positive IOD results in less cyclones than usual in Arabian Sea.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation:
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is often called the “Indian Niño” because of its similarity to its Pacific equivalent. It refers to the difference in sea-surface temperatures in opposite parts of the Indian Ocean. Hence, statement 1 is correct.Positive IOD (Arabian Sea warmer than Bay of Bengal) results in more cyclones than usual in Arabian Sea. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.While Negative IOD results in stronger than usual Tropical Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal. Cyclonic activity in Arabian Sea is suppressed.Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) effect demonstrated that a positive IOD index often negated the effect of El Nino, resulting in increased Monsoon rains in several El Nino years like the 1983, 1994 and 1997.Two poles of the IOD – the eastern pole (around Indonesia) and the western pole (off the African coast) were independently and cumulatively affecting the quantity of rains for the Monsoon in the Indian subcontinent.
Incorrect
Explanation:
The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) is often called the “Indian Niño” because of its similarity to its Pacific equivalent. It refers to the difference in sea-surface temperatures in opposite parts of the Indian Ocean. Hence, statement 1 is correct.Positive IOD (Arabian Sea warmer than Bay of Bengal) results in more cyclones than usual in Arabian Sea. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.While Negative IOD results in stronger than usual Tropical Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal. Cyclonic activity in Arabian Sea is suppressed.Indian Ocean Dipole(IOD) effect demonstrated that a positive IOD index often negated the effect of El Nino, resulting in increased Monsoon rains in several El Nino years like the 1983, 1994 and 1997.Two poles of the IOD – the eastern pole (around Indonesia) and the western pole (off the African coast) were independently and cumulatively affecting the quantity of rains for the Monsoon in the Indian subcontinent.
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
2 points
Which of the following correctly describes the phenomenon of ‘Break in the Monsoon’?
Correct
Explanation:
When the trade winds approach the land, their southwesterly direction is modified by the relief and thermal low pressure over northwest India. The monsoon approaches the landmass in two branches i.e Arabian Sea branch & Bay of Bengal branch.
Break/Burst of the Monsoon
The rain in the southwest monsoon season begins rather abruptly. One result of the first rain is that it brings down the temperature substantially. This sudden onset of the moisture-laden winds associated with violent thunder and lightning is often termed as the “break” or “burst” of the monsoon
Break in the Monsoon
If rain fails to occur for one or more weeks during the south-west monsoon period after having rained for a few days. These breaks in the different regions are due to different reasons: In northern India, rains are likely to fail if the rain-bearing storms are not very frequent along the monsoon trough or the ITCZ over this region. Over the west coast, the dry spells are associated with days when winds blow parallel to the coast.
Incorrect
Explanation:
When the trade winds approach the land, their southwesterly direction is modified by the relief and thermal low pressure over northwest India. The monsoon approaches the landmass in two branches i.e Arabian Sea branch & Bay of Bengal branch.
Break/Burst of the Monsoon
The rain in the southwest monsoon season begins rather abruptly. One result of the first rain is that it brings down the temperature substantially. This sudden onset of the moisture-laden winds associated with violent thunder and lightning is often termed as the “break” or “burst” of the monsoon
Break in the Monsoon
If rain fails to occur for one or more weeks during the south-west monsoon period after having rained for a few days. These breaks in the different regions are due to different reasons: In northern India, rains are likely to fail if the rain-bearing storms are not very frequent along the monsoon trough or the ITCZ over this region. Over the west coast, the dry spells are associated with days when winds blow parallel to the coast.
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
2 points
Which of the following causes the complete reversal of North Indian Ocean currents between summer and winter?
Correct
Explanation:
In the North India Ocean, there is a complete reversal of the direction of currents between summer and winter, due to the changes of monsoon winds. In summer from June to October, when the dominant wind is the South-West Monsoon, the currents are blown from a south-westerly direction as the South West Monsoon Drift. This is reverse in winter beginning from December, when the North-East Monsoon blows the currents from the north-east as the North-East Monsoon Drift. The currents of the North Indian Ocean, demonstrate most convincingly the dominant effects of winds on the circulation of ocean currents
Incorrect
Explanation:
In the North India Ocean, there is a complete reversal of the direction of currents between summer and winter, due to the changes of monsoon winds. In summer from June to October, when the dominant wind is the South-West Monsoon, the currents are blown from a south-westerly direction as the South West Monsoon Drift. This is reverse in winter beginning from December, when the North-East Monsoon blows the currents from the north-east as the North-East Monsoon Drift. The currents of the North Indian Ocean, demonstrate most convincingly the dominant effects of winds on the circulation of ocean currents
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
2 points
Winter monsoons do not cause rainfall in most parts of India because:
1. They do not have adequate humidity to cause rainfall.
2. Anticyclonic circulation on land reduces the possibility of rainfall.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Correct
Explanation:
A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region. Monsoons cause wet and dry seasons throughout much of the tropics. Monsoons always blow from cold to warm regions.Winter monsoons last from October to April. The dry winter monsoon blows from the northeast. These winds start in the air above Mongolia and northwestern China. The Himalayas prevent much of the cool air from reaching places like southern India and Sri Lanka, keeping them warm all year. They do not cause rainfall in most parts of India because: they have little humidity as they move from land to the sea ; due to anticyclonic circulation (high-pressure center) on land, the possibility of rainfall from them reduces. So, most parts of India do not have rainfall in the winter season. Winter monsoons are sometimes associated with droughts.
Incorrect
Explanation:
A monsoon is a seasonal change in the direction of the prevailing, or strongest, winds of a region. Monsoons cause wet and dry seasons throughout much of the tropics. Monsoons always blow from cold to warm regions.Winter monsoons last from October to April. The dry winter monsoon blows from the northeast. These winds start in the air above Mongolia and northwestern China. The Himalayas prevent much of the cool air from reaching places like southern India and Sri Lanka, keeping them warm all year. They do not cause rainfall in most parts of India because: they have little humidity as they move from land to the sea ; due to anticyclonic circulation (high-pressure center) on land, the possibility of rainfall from them reduces. So, most parts of India do not have rainfall in the winter season. Winter monsoons are sometimes associated with droughts.
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements with respect to Mascarene High:
1. It is a high-pressure area located near the Mascarene Islands in the southern Indian Ocean.
2. Arrival of Indian Monsoon may be delayed due to delays in the formation of Mascarene High.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Explanation:
Mascarene High: This high-pressure region located between 25°S-35°S and 40°E-90°E near the Mascarene Islands in the southern Indian Ocean is a source of Southwest monsoon in India. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Since, it is a high pressure area, it is also known as Mascarene high. This is responsible for crossequatorial flow through south Arabian Sea and it acts as southern hemispheric linkage. The variation in the intensity of High Pressure causes monsoon surges across equatorial flow. These surges are responsible for heavy rains along the west coast.If there is a delay in the formation of Mascarene High there is a possibility of delay in the onset of Indian Monsoon. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Incorrect
Explanation:
Mascarene High: This high-pressure region located between 25°S-35°S and 40°E-90°E near the Mascarene Islands in the southern Indian Ocean is a source of Southwest monsoon in India. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Since, it is a high pressure area, it is also known as Mascarene high. This is responsible for crossequatorial flow through south Arabian Sea and it acts as southern hemispheric linkage. The variation in the intensity of High Pressure causes monsoon surges across equatorial flow. These surges are responsible for heavy rains along the west coast.If there is a delay in the formation of Mascarene High there is a possibility of delay in the onset of Indian Monsoon. Hence, statement 2 is correct.
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements with respect to Monsoon Trough:
1. Monsoon Trough is an elongated highpressure area.
2. Northward migration of Monsoon Trough results in active monsoon over major parts of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?
Correct
Explanation:
Monsoon Trough: It is an elongated low-pressure area which extends from heat low over Pakistan to Head Bay of Bengal. Hence, statement 1 is not correct. This is one of semi-permanent feature of monsoon circulation. Monsoon trough may be a characteristic of east west orientation of Himalayan ranges and north south orientation of Khasi-Jaintia Hills. Generallyeastern side of monsoon trough oscillates, sometimes southwards and sometimes northwards. Southward migration results in active/vigorous monsoon over major part of India.In contrast, the northward migration of this trough leads to breakdown of monsoon condition over major part of India and heavy rains along foothills of Himalayas and sometimes floods in Brahmaputra river. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
Incorrect
Explanation:
Monsoon Trough: It is an elongated low-pressure area which extends from heat low over Pakistan to Head Bay of Bengal. Hence, statement 1 is not correct. This is one of semi-permanent feature of monsoon circulation. Monsoon trough may be a characteristic of east west orientation of Himalayan ranges and north south orientation of Khasi-Jaintia Hills. Generallyeastern side of monsoon trough oscillates, sometimes southwards and sometimes northwards. Southward migration results in active/vigorous monsoon over major part of India.In contrast, the northward migration of this trough leads to breakdown of monsoon condition over major part of India and heavy rains along foothills of Himalayas and sometimes floods in Brahmaputra river. Hence, statement 2 is not correct.
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
2 points
Why does the Tamil Nadu coast remain dry during southwest monsoon?
1. It is situated parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of southwest monsoon.
2. Low-pressure conditions due to high temperature.
3. It lies in the rainshadow area of the Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoon.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Correct
Explanation:
The Southwest monsoon approaches the Indian landmass in two branches:
The Arabian Sea branch
Its different sub-branches cause rainfall in the windward side of western ghats, Central India, Saurashtra Peninsula, Kachchh and parts of Haryana and Punjab.
The Bay of Bengal branch
It causes rainfall in West Bengal, North Eastern states and Gangetic plains.
Tamil Nadu coast remains dry during this season. There are two factors responsible for it: The Tamil Nadu coast is situated parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of southwest monsoon. It lies in the rainshadow area of the Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoon.
Incorrect
Explanation:
The Southwest monsoon approaches the Indian landmass in two branches:
The Arabian Sea branch
Its different sub-branches cause rainfall in the windward side of western ghats, Central India, Saurashtra Peninsula, Kachchh and parts of Haryana and Punjab.
The Bay of Bengal branch
It causes rainfall in West Bengal, North Eastern states and Gangetic plains.
Tamil Nadu coast remains dry during this season. There are two factors responsible for it: The Tamil Nadu coast is situated parallel to the Bay of Bengal branch of southwest monsoon. It lies in the rainshadow area of the Arabian Sea branch of the south-west monsoon.
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
2 points
Which of the following are the reasons for the break in the monsoon in India?
1. In northern India, the rain-bearing storms are not very frequent along the ITCZ.
2. Winds blow parallel to the west coast.
3. Occurrence of El-Nino.
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Correct
Explanation:
During the south-west monsoon period after having rained for a few days, if rain fails to occur for one or more weeks, it is known as break in the monsoon.These breaks in the different regions are due to different reasons: In northern India, rains are likely to break if the rain-bearing storms are not very frequent along the monsoon trough or the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone over this region. Over the west coast, the dry spells are associated with days when winds blow parallel to the coast. Hence, statement 1 and 2 are correct. The occurrence of El-Nino leads to delay or complete failure of monsoon and not break in the monsoon. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
Incorrect
Explanation:
During the south-west monsoon period after having rained for a few days, if rain fails to occur for one or more weeks, it is known as break in the monsoon.These breaks in the different regions are due to different reasons: In northern India, rains are likely to break if the rain-bearing storms are not very frequent along the monsoon trough or the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone over this region. Over the west coast, the dry spells are associated with days when winds blow parallel to the coast. Hence, statement 1 and 2 are correct. The occurrence of El-Nino leads to delay or complete failure of monsoon and not break in the monsoon. Hence, statement 3 is not correct.
