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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements:
1) The energy required for the life within the biosphere comes only from the sun.
2) Ecotone is larger than a biome.
3) A well-developed ecotone may contain some unique organisms which might be absent in the adjacent ecosystems.
Which of the above statements is/are correct:
Correct
• Solution:
(D)
o The energy required for the life within the biosphere usually comes from the sun.
o But, Chemosynthetic bacteria are organisms that use inorganic molecules as a source of energy and convert them into organic substances.
o They do not need sunlight for their survival.
o Chemosynthetic bacteria, unlike plants, obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic molecules, rather than photosynthesis.
o Chemosynthetic bacteria use inorganic molecules, such as ammonia, molecular hydrogen, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide and ferrous iron to produce the organic compounds needed for their subsistence.
o Most chemosynthetic bacteria live in environments where sunlight is unable to penetrate and which are considered inhospitable to most known organisms.
o Ecotone is a zone of junction between two or more diverse ecosystems.
o For e.g. the mangrove forests represent an ecotone between marine and terrestrial ecosystem.
o It may be very narrow or quite wide, but not larger than a biome which is a much larger entity.
o Well-developed ecotones contain some organisms which are entirely different from that of the adjoining communities.
Incorrect
• Solution:
(D)
o The energy required for the life within the biosphere usually comes from the sun.
o But, Chemosynthetic bacteria are organisms that use inorganic molecules as a source of energy and convert them into organic substances.
o They do not need sunlight for their survival.
o Chemosynthetic bacteria, unlike plants, obtain their energy from the oxidation of inorganic molecules, rather than photosynthesis.
o Chemosynthetic bacteria use inorganic molecules, such as ammonia, molecular hydrogen, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide and ferrous iron to produce the organic compounds needed for their subsistence.
o Most chemosynthetic bacteria live in environments where sunlight is unable to penetrate and which are considered inhospitable to most known organisms.
o Ecotone is a zone of junction between two or more diverse ecosystems.
o For e.g. the mangrove forests represent an ecotone between marine and terrestrial ecosystem.
o It may be very narrow or quite wide, but not larger than a biome which is a much larger entity.
o Well-developed ecotones contain some organisms which are entirely different from that of the adjoining communities.
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements:
1) In the composition of living organisms, carbon constitutes the maximum share in the dry weight of organisms.
2) In the total quantity of global carbon, maximum percentage of carbon is found dissolved in oceans.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect:
Correct
• Solution:
(A)
o When you study the composition of living organisms, carbon constitutes 49 per cent of dry weight of organisms and is next only to water.
o If we look at the total quantity of global carbon, we find that 71 per cent carbon is found dissolved in oceans.
o This oceanic reservoir regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Incorrect
• Solution:
(A)
o When you study the composition of living organisms, carbon constitutes 49 per cent of dry weight of organisms and is next only to water.
o If we look at the total quantity of global carbon, we find that 71 per cent carbon is found dissolved in oceans.
o This oceanic reservoir regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
2 points
Which of the following activities releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere:
1) Respiratory activities of the producers and consumers.
2) Processing of waste materials by Decomposers.
3) Forest Fire
4) Combustion of organic matter
5) Volcanic activity
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
• Solution:
(D)
o A considerable amount of carbon returns to the atmosphere as CO2 through respiratory activities of the producers and consumers.
o Decomposers also contribute substantially to CO2 pool by their processing of waste materials and dead organic matter of land or oceans.
o Some amount of the fixed carbon is lost to sediments and removed from circulation.
o Burning of wood, forest fire and combustion of organic matter, fossil fuel, volcanic activity are additional sources for releasing CO2 in the atmosphere.
o Human activities have significantly influenced the carbon cycle.
o Rapid deforestation and massive burning of fossil fuel for energy and transport have significantly increased the rate of release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
o When you study the composition of living organisms, carbon constitutes 49 per cent of dry weight of organisms and is next only to water.
o If we look at the total quantity of global carbon, we find that 71 per cent carbon is found dissolved in oceans.
o This oceanic reservoir regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Incorrect
• Solution:
(D)
o A considerable amount of carbon returns to the atmosphere as CO2 through respiratory activities of the producers and consumers.
o Decomposers also contribute substantially to CO2 pool by their processing of waste materials and dead organic matter of land or oceans.
o Some amount of the fixed carbon is lost to sediments and removed from circulation.
o Burning of wood, forest fire and combustion of organic matter, fossil fuel, volcanic activity are additional sources for releasing CO2 in the atmosphere.
o Human activities have significantly influenced the carbon cycle.
o Rapid deforestation and massive burning of fossil fuel for energy and transport have significantly increased the rate of release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
o When you study the composition of living organisms, carbon constitutes 49 per cent of dry weight of organisms and is next only to water.
o If we look at the total quantity of global carbon, we find that 71 per cent carbon is found dissolved in oceans.
o This oceanic reservoir regulates the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
2 points
Which among the following is the main constituents of Biogas:
Correct
• Solution:
(A)
o Biogas comprises primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and may have small amounts of Nitrogen, Hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide and oxygen.
Incorrect
• Solution:
(A)
o Biogas comprises primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and may have small amounts of Nitrogen, Hydrogen, hydrogen sulphide and oxygen.
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding “The Climate and Clean Air Coalition”:
1) It is a voluntary partnership of governments and intergovernmental organizations, businesses, scientific institutions and civil society organizations.
2) India is a state partner of this coalition.
3) Coalition’s initial focus is on pollutants like methane, black carbon and HFCs.
Which of the above statements is/are correct:
Correct
• Solution:
(C)
o The Climate and Clean Air Coalition is a voluntary partnership of governments, intergovernmental organizations, businesses, scientific institutions and civil society organizations committed to improving air quality and protecting the climate through actions to reduce short-lived climate pollutants.
o Global network currently includes over 120 state and non-state partners, and hundreds of local actors carrying out activities across economic sectors.
o India is not a partner of it.
o It focuses on short lived pollutants like methane, black carbon, HFC’s etc.
Incorrect
• Solution:
(C)
o The Climate and Clean Air Coalition is a voluntary partnership of governments, intergovernmental organizations, businesses, scientific institutions and civil society organizations committed to improving air quality and protecting the climate through actions to reduce short-lived climate pollutants.
o Global network currently includes over 120 state and non-state partners, and hundreds of local actors carrying out activities across economic sectors.
o India is not a partner of it.
o It focuses on short lived pollutants like methane, black carbon, HFC’s etc.
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements with reference to Food chains:
1) The grazing food chain is found only in terrestrial ecosystem.
2) The grazing and detritus food chains are not interlinked.
3) The initial energy source for detritus food chain is dead organic matter.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect:
Correct
• Solution:
(C)
o A sequence of organisms that feed on one another, forma food chain.
o In nature, two main types of food chains have been found: Grazing food chain and Detritus food chain.
o The grazing food chain starts with producers or autotrophs as base, which is consumed by heterotrophs.
o It is found in both Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
o The Detritus food chain starts from dead organic ‘matter of decaying animals and plant bodies to the microorganisms and then to detritus feeding organism called detrivores or decomposer and to other predators.
o The two food chains are linked as the initial energy source for detritus food chain is the waste materials and dead organic matter from the grazing food chain.
Incorrect
• Solution:
(C)
o A sequence of organisms that feed on one another, forma food chain.
o In nature, two main types of food chains have been found: Grazing food chain and Detritus food chain.
o The grazing food chain starts with producers or autotrophs as base, which is consumed by heterotrophs.
o It is found in both Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
o The Detritus food chain starts from dead organic ‘matter of decaying animals and plant bodies to the microorganisms and then to detritus feeding organism called detrivores or decomposer and to other predators.
o The two food chains are linked as the initial energy source for detritus food chain is the waste materials and dead organic matter from the grazing food chain.
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Eco-sensitive zones:
1) Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) are areas notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and
Climate Change (MoEFCC) around Protected Areas, National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
2) They act as a transition zone from areas of high protection to areas involving lesser protection.
3) Eco-Sensitive Zones are defined and mentioned in Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
Which of the above statements is/ are correct:
Correct
• Solution:
(C)
o Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) or Ecologically Fragile Areas (EFAs) are areas notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India around Protected Areas, National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
o The purpose of declaring ESZs is to create some kind of “shock absorbers” to the protected areas by regulating and managing the activities around such areas.
o They also act as a transition zone from areas of high protection to areas involving lesser protection.
o ESZ are regulated by central government through Min. of Environment, Forests and Climate change (MoEFCC).
o Ministry came out with new guidelines for regulation of such areas in 2011.
o The Environment Protection Act, 1986 does not mention the word “Eco-sensitive Zones”.
Incorrect
• Solution:
(C)
o Eco-Sensitive Zones (ESZs) or Ecologically Fragile Areas (EFAs) are areas notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC), Government of India around Protected Areas, National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries.
o The purpose of declaring ESZs is to create some kind of “shock absorbers” to the protected areas by regulating and managing the activities around such areas.
o They also act as a transition zone from areas of high protection to areas involving lesser protection.
o ESZ are regulated by central government through Min. of Environment, Forests and Climate change (MoEFCC).
o Ministry came out with new guidelines for regulation of such areas in 2011.
o The Environment Protection Act, 1986 does not mention the word “Eco-sensitive Zones”.
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
2 points
Which of the following are the ecosystem services provided by Wetlands:
1) Water purification
2) Aquifer recharge
3) Microclimate regulation
4) Aesthetic enhancement of landscapes
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
• Solution:
(D)
o The wetlands, vital parts of the hydrological cycle, are highly productive ecosystems which support rich biodiversity and provide a wide range of ecosystem services such as water storage, water purification, flood mitigation, erosion control, aquifer recharge, microclimate regulation, aesthetic enhancement of landscapes while simultaneously supporting many significant recreational, social and cultural activities, being part of our rich cultural heritage.
Incorrect
• Solution:
(D)
o The wetlands, vital parts of the hydrological cycle, are highly productive ecosystems which support rich biodiversity and provide a wide range of ecosystem services such as water storage, water purification, flood mitigation, erosion control, aquifer recharge, microclimate regulation, aesthetic enhancement of landscapes while simultaneously supporting many significant recreational, social and cultural activities, being part of our rich cultural heritage.
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements about Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR):
1) Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) is the amount of light available for photosynthesis.
2) PAR changes seasonally and varies depending on the latitude and time of day.
3) Higher PAR leads to decrease in plant growth.
4) Air pollution does have an effect on PAR.
Which of the above statements is/are correct:
Correct
• Solution:
(A)
o Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) is the amount of light available for photosynthesis, which is light in the 400 to 700 nanometer wavelength range.
o PAR changes seasonally and varies depending on the latitude and time of day.
o Levels are greatest during the summer at mid-day.
o Air pollution also affects PAR by filtering out the amount of sunlight that can reach plants.
o Photosynthetically Active Radiation is needed for photosynthesis and plant growth.
o Higher PAR promotes plant growth.
Incorrect
• Solution:
(A)
o Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) is the amount of light available for photosynthesis, which is light in the 400 to 700 nanometer wavelength range.
o PAR changes seasonally and varies depending on the latitude and time of day.
o Levels are greatest during the summer at mid-day.
o Air pollution also affects PAR by filtering out the amount of sunlight that can reach plants.
o Photosynthetically Active Radiation is needed for photosynthesis and plant growth.
o Higher PAR promotes plant growth.
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
2 points
With reference to the evolution of living organisms on earth, which of the following is the correct sequence of evolution:
Correct
• Solution:
(C)
o Living organisms were first evolved on seas and then moved to lands.
o Simple organisms like blue green algae, bacteria were first evolved, then it lead to corals, spiders and complex animals like snakes, horses etc.,
Incorrect
• Solution:
(C)
o Living organisms were first evolved on seas and then moved to lands.
o Simple organisms like blue green algae, bacteria were first evolved, then it lead to corals, spiders and complex animals like snakes, horses etc.,
