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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements:
1. As per Ramanuja, all the objects in creation are real but not illusory.
2. As per Madhava, dualism of Jivatma and Paramatma does not exist and they dwell in an eternal cosmic entity.
Which of the above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans (a)
Statement 1: In the 12t century, Ramanuja preached Visishtadvaita. According to him, God is Sagunabrahman. The creative process and all the objects in creation are real and not illusory, as was held by Sankaracharya. Therefore, God, soul and matter is real. But God is inner substance and the rest are his attributes.
He also advocated prabattimarga or path of self-surrender to God. He invited the downtrodden to Vaishnavism.
Statement 2: In the 13th century, Madhava from Kannada region propagated Dvaita or dualism of Jivatma and Paramatma. According to his philosophy, the world is not an illusion but a reality. God, soul and matter are unique in nature.
Learning: Nimbarka and Vallabhacharya were also other preachers of Vaishnavite Bhakti in the Telungana region. Surdas was the disciple of Vallabhacharya and he popularised Krishna cult in north India.
Incorrect
Ans (a)
Statement 1: In the 12t century, Ramanuja preached Visishtadvaita. According to him, God is Sagunabrahman. The creative process and all the objects in creation are real and not illusory, as was held by Sankaracharya. Therefore, God, soul and matter is real. But God is inner substance and the rest are his attributes.
He also advocated prabattimarga or path of self-surrender to God. He invited the downtrodden to Vaishnavism.
Statement 2: In the 13th century, Madhava from Kannada region propagated Dvaita or dualism of Jivatma and Paramatma. According to his philosophy, the world is not an illusion but a reality. God, soul and matter are unique in nature.
Learning: Nimbarka and Vallabhacharya were also other preachers of Vaishnavite Bhakti in the Telungana region. Surdas was the disciple of Vallabhacharya and he popularised Krishna cult in north India.
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2 points
Anuvyakhyana is a major work of
Correct
Ans B
Madhavacharya was a Hindu philosopher and the chief proponent of the Dvaita (dualism) school of Vedanta. He was born in Karnataka in the 13th century.
As a teenager, he became a Sanyasi (monk) joining the Brahma-sampradaya guru Achyutapreksha of the Ekadandi order.
Madhva studied the classics of Hindu philosophy, particularly the principal Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita and the Brahma Sutras (Prasthanatrayi). He commented on these, and is credited with 37 works in Sanskrit.
His writing brevity and His greatest work is considered to be the Anuvyakhyana, a philosophical supplement to his bhasya on the Brahma Sutras composed with a poetic structure.
In some of his works, he proclaimed himself to be an avatar of Vayu, the son of god Vishnu.
He was a critic of Adi Shankara’s Advaita Vedanta and Ramanuja’s Vishishtadvaita Vedanta teachings.
Incorrect
Ans B
Madhavacharya was a Hindu philosopher and the chief proponent of the Dvaita (dualism) school of Vedanta. He was born in Karnataka in the 13th century.
As a teenager, he became a Sanyasi (monk) joining the Brahma-sampradaya guru Achyutapreksha of the Ekadandi order.
Madhva studied the classics of Hindu philosophy, particularly the principal Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita and the Brahma Sutras (Prasthanatrayi). He commented on these, and is credited with 37 works in Sanskrit.
His writing brevity and His greatest work is considered to be the Anuvyakhyana, a philosophical supplement to his bhasya on the Brahma Sutras composed with a poetic structure.
In some of his works, he proclaimed himself to be an avatar of Vayu, the son of god Vishnu.
He was a critic of Adi Shankara’s Advaita Vedanta and Ramanuja’s Vishishtadvaita Vedanta teachings.
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
2 points
The Virashaiva movement initiated by Basavanna and his companions like Allama Prabhu and Akkamahadevi argued for
1. equality of all human beings.
2. revival of a new caste system based on divine origin.
3. promoting idol worship.
4. rituals to be conducted by all segments of society.
Select the correct answer using the codes below.
Correct
Ans(a)
This movement began in Karnataka in the middle 12th century. The Virashaivas argued strongly for the equality of all human beings and against Brahmanical ideas about caste and the treatment of women. They were also against all forms of ritual and idol worship.
Incorrect
Ans(a)
This movement began in Karnataka in the middle 12th century. The Virashaivas argued strongly for the equality of all human beings and against Brahmanical ideas about caste and the treatment of women. They were also against all forms of ritual and idol worship.
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
2 points
Consider these major bhakti saints and the regions associated with them.
1. Ramdas
2. Nammalvar
3. Surdas
4. Vallabhacharya
What is the correct North to South order of the regions associated with them?
Correct
Ans A
Statement 1: A 17th century. Brahmin saint and spiritual poet of Maharashtra, he is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh.
2.Statement 2: Nammalvar is one of the 12 alwar saints of Tamil Nadu, who are known for their affiliation to the Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism.
Statement 3: He was a 16th century blind Hindu devotional poet and singer, who was known for his lyrics written in praise of Krishna. They are usually written in Braj Bhasa, one of the two literary dialects of Hindi, the other being Awadhi.
Statement 4: Also known as Vallabha, he was a devotional philosopher, who founded the Krishna-centered Pushti sect of Vaishnavism in the Braj region of India and the philosophy of Shuddha advaita.
Incorrect
Ans A
Statement 1: A 17th century. Brahmin saint and spiritual poet of Maharashtra, he is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh.
2.Statement 2: Nammalvar is one of the 12 alwar saints of Tamil Nadu, who are known for their affiliation to the Vaishnava tradition of Hinduism.
Statement 3: He was a 16th century blind Hindu devotional poet and singer, who was known for his lyrics written in praise of Krishna. They are usually written in Braj Bhasa, one of the two literary dialects of Hindi, the other being Awadhi.
Statement 4: Also known as Vallabha, he was a devotional philosopher, who founded the Krishna-centered Pushti sect of Vaishnavism in the Braj region of India and the philosophy of Shuddha advaita.
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
2 points
Who among the following are religious reformers of the Medieval India?
1. Kabir
2. Guru Nanak
3. Mira Bai
4. Raskhan
5. Baba Amte
Select the correct answer using the codes below
Correct
Ans C
Others were Abdur Rahim Khan e Khannah, Surdas, Kalidas, Chaitanya, Namdev Sufis and Bhaki saints.
They looked upon religion not as a worship but as a loving bond based on love between the worshipped and the worshipper.
They made no distinction between caste, creed or religion before God.
They stressed on equality before God, the caste system and attacked institutional religion.
They opposed sati and female infanticide.
They aimed to bridge the gap between Hindus and Muslims.
Incorrect
Ans C
Others were Abdur Rahim Khan e Khannah, Surdas, Kalidas, Chaitanya, Namdev Sufis and Bhaki saints.
They looked upon religion not as a worship but as a loving bond based on love between the worshipped and the worshipper.
They made no distinction between caste, creed or religion before God.
They stressed on equality before God, the caste system and attacked institutional religion.
They opposed sati and female infanticide.
They aimed to bridge the gap between Hindus and Muslims.
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
2 points
With reference to Medieval India, the popular saintly figures like Appar, Sambandar, Sundarar and Manikkavasagar belonged to which of these sects?
Correct
Ans(b)
There were 63 Nayanars who belonged to different caste backgrounds such as potters, ‘untouchable’ workers, peasants, hunters, soldiers, Brahmanas and chiefs.
The best known among them were Appar, Sambandar, Sundarar and Manikkavasagar. There are two sets of compilations of their songs-Tevaram and Tiruvacakam.
There were 12 Alvars who came from equally divergent backgrounds, the best known being Periyalvar, his daughter Andal, Tondaradippodi Alvar and Nammalvar. Their songs were compiled in the Divya Prabandham.
Incorrect
Ans(b)
There were 63 Nayanars who belonged to different caste backgrounds such as potters, ‘untouchable’ workers, peasants, hunters, soldiers, Brahmanas and chiefs.
The best known among them were Appar, Sambandar, Sundarar and Manikkavasagar. There are two sets of compilations of their songs-Tevaram and Tiruvacakam.
There were 12 Alvars who came from equally divergent backgrounds, the best known being Periyalvar, his daughter Andal, Tondaradippodi Alvar and Nammalvar. Their songs were compiled in the Divya Prabandham.
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
2 points
Under the reign of Rashtrakutas,
1. The village administration was carried on by the village headmen.
2. Officers administrating districts or subdivisions were directly appointed by the central government.
Which of the above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans(c)
The Rashtrakuta Empire was divided into several provinces called rashtras under the control of rashtrapatis. They were further divided into vishayas or districts govemed by vishayapatis. The next subdivision was bhukti consisting of 50-70 villages under the control of bhogapatis. These officers were directly appointed by the central government. So, statement 1 is correct. The village administration was carried on by the village headman. However, the village assemblies played a significant role in the village administration. So, statement 2 is correct.
Incorrect
Ans(c)
The Rashtrakuta Empire was divided into several provinces called rashtras under the control of rashtrapatis. They were further divided into vishayas or districts govemed by vishayapatis. The next subdivision was bhukti consisting of 50-70 villages under the control of bhogapatis. These officers were directly appointed by the central government. So, statement 1 is correct. The village administration was carried on by the village headman. However, the village assemblies played a significant role in the village administration. So, statement 2 is correct.
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
2 points
Considering the period of rule of the Rashtrakutas, among the following, their earliest known inscription will most likely be a
Correct
Ans A
Rashtrakuta was a royal dynasty ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries. So, all other options apart from option A are clearly ruled out.
The earliest known Rashtrakuta inscription is a 7th-century copper plate grant detailing their rule from Manapura, a city in Central or West India.
Other ruling Rashtrakuta clans from the same period mentioned in inscriptions were the kings of Achalapur (modern Elichpur in Maharashtra) and the rulers of Kannauj.
Incorrect
Ans A
Rashtrakuta was a royal dynasty ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries. So, all other options apart from option A are clearly ruled out.
The earliest known Rashtrakuta inscription is a 7th-century copper plate grant detailing their rule from Manapura, a city in Central or West India.
Other ruling Rashtrakuta clans from the same period mentioned in inscriptions were the kings of Achalapur (modern Elichpur in Maharashtra) and the rulers of Kannauj.
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
2 points
Which scholar described the emperor of the Rashtrakuta dynasty as one of the four great kings of the world in the 9th century?
Correct
Ans C
Attracted by grandiose of the Rashtrakutas, many scholars have attempted to write on them.
Sulaiman was impressed by the state of arts, architecture, economy and military conquests of the Rashtrakutas, and hence described them so.
Al-Masudi has also written on military conquests of the Rashtrakutas as the 9th century was a melting pot of many military expeditions between Pratiharas, Palas, Rashtrakutas and more.
Incorrect
Ans C
Attracted by grandiose of the Rashtrakutas, many scholars have attempted to write on them.
Sulaiman was impressed by the state of arts, architecture, economy and military conquests of the Rashtrakutas, and hence described them so.
Al-Masudi has also written on military conquests of the Rashtrakutas as the 9th century was a melting pot of many military expeditions between Pratiharas, Palas, Rashtrakutas and more.
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
2 points
In the Rashtrakuta rule, ‘hiranya-garbha’ sacrifice was done in order to
Correct
Ans C
These rituals were popular with subordinate samantas, who later overpowered their emperors and became rulers.
One such instance was that of the Rashtrakutas in the Deccan. Initially, they were subordinate to the Chalukyas of Karnataka.
In the middle 8th century, Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief, overthrew his Chalukya overlord and performed a ritual called hiranya-garbha (literally, the golden womb).
When this ritual was performed with the help of Brahmanas, it was thought to lead to the ‘rebirth’ of the sacrificer as a Kshatriya, even if he was not one by birth.
Incorrect
Ans C
These rituals were popular with subordinate samantas, who later overpowered their emperors and became rulers.
One such instance was that of the Rashtrakutas in the Deccan. Initially, they were subordinate to the Chalukyas of Karnataka.
In the middle 8th century, Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief, overthrew his Chalukya overlord and performed a ritual called hiranya-garbha (literally, the golden womb).
When this ritual was performed with the help of Brahmanas, it was thought to lead to the ‘rebirth’ of the sacrificer as a Kshatriya, even if he was not one by birth.
