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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
2 points
Warm moist summer, cool dry winter, great annual temperature range, rainfall throughout the year are the characteristic feature of which type of climate:
Correct
Incorrect
· Explanation:
(D)
o This type of climate is found on the eastern margins of continents in warm temperate latitudes, just outside the tropics.
o It has comparatively more rainfall than the Mediterranean climate in the same latitudes, coming mainly in the summer.
o It is, in fact, the climate of most parts of China –a modified form of monsoonal climate.
o It is thus also called the Temperate Monsoon or China Type of climate.
o Climatic Condition: Warm moist summer and a cool, dry winter.
o The mean monthly temperature varies between 5°C and 25°C and is strongly modified by maritime influence.
o The relative humidity is a little high in mid-summer. Rainfall is more than moderate, anything from 25 inches to 60 inches.
o Another important feature is the fairly uniform distribution of rainfall throughout the year.
o There is rain every month, except in the interior of central China, where there is a distinct dry season.
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements:
1) Much of the Earth’s mantle consists of magma.
2) Magma is a mixture of minerals and also contains small amounts of dissolved gases.
3) The high pressure under Earth’s crust keep magma in a solid state.
Which of the above statements is/are correct:
Correct
· Explanation:
(A)
o Magma is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth’s surface.
o Earth has a layered structure that consists of the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust.
o Much of the planet’s mantle consists of magma.
o This magma can push through holes or cracks in the crust, causing a volcanic eruption.
o When magma flows or erupts onto Earth’s surface, it is called lava. Like solid rock, magma is a mixture of minerals.
o It also contains small amounts of dissolved gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur.
o The high temperatures and pressure under Earth’s crust keep magma in its fluid state.
Incorrect
· Explanation:
(A)
o Magma is extremely hot liquid and semi-liquid rock located under Earth’s surface.
o Earth has a layered structure that consists of the inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust.
o Much of the planet’s mantle consists of magma.
o This magma can push through holes or cracks in the crust, causing a volcanic eruption.
o When magma flows or erupts onto Earth’s surface, it is called lava. Like solid rock, magma is a mixture of minerals.
o It also contains small amounts of dissolved gases such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur.
o The high temperatures and pressure under Earth’s crust keep magma in its fluid state.
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
2 points
The thinnest layer of our planet is:
Correct
· Explanation:
(B)
o Earth has 4 layers:
o The outer crust that we live on
o The plastic-like mantle
o The liquid outer core
o The solid inner core
o The crust is by far the thinnest of the layers of earth.
o The thickness varies depending on where you are on earth, with oceanic crust being 5-10 km and continental mountain ranges being up to 30-45 km thick.
Thin oceanic crust is denser than the thicker continental crust and therefore ‘floats’ lower in the mantle as compared to continental crust.
Incorrect
· Explanation:
(B)
o Earth has 4 layers:
o The outer crust that we live on
o The plastic-like mantle
o The liquid outer core
o The solid inner core
o The crust is by far the thinnest of the layers of earth.
o The thickness varies depending on where you are on earth, with oceanic crust being 5-10 km and continental mountain ranges being up to 30-45 km thick.
Thin oceanic crust is denser than the thicker continental crust and therefore ‘floats’ lower in the mantle as compared to continental crust.
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements:
1) About 98 per cent of the total crust of the earth is composed of titanium, hydrogen, phosphorous, manganese and sulphur.
2) All three rock types (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic) can be found in Earth’s crust.
3) The oldest rocks on our planet are part of the continental crust.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
· Explanation:
(C)
o The most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust include (listed here by weight percent) oxygen, silicon, aluminium, iron, and calcium.
o All three rock types (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic) can be found in Earth’s crust.
o The oldest rocks on our planet are part of the continental crust and date back approximately 4 billion years in age.
o Ocean crust is constantly recycled through our planet’s system of plate tectonics and only dates back to approximately 200 million years ago.
Incorrect
· Explanation:
(C)
o The most abundant elements in the Earth’s crust include (listed here by weight percent) oxygen, silicon, aluminium, iron, and calcium.
o All three rock types (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic) can be found in Earth’s crust.
o The oldest rocks on our planet are part of the continental crust and date back approximately 4 billion years in age.
o Ocean crust is constantly recycled through our planet’s system of plate tectonics and only dates back to approximately 200 million years ago.
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
2 points
Which of the following sources of information are considered as the direct sources of information about the Earth’s interior:
1) Drilling projects in Mining areas
2) Volcanic eruption
3) Meteors that at times reach the earth
4) Gravitation
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
· Explanation:
(C)
o Direct Sources:
o The most easily available solid earth material is surface rock or the rocks we get from mining areas.
o Besides mining, scientists have taken up a number of projects to penetrate deeper depths to explore the conditions in the crustal portions.
o Many deep drilling projects have provided large volume of information through the analysis of materials collected at different depths.
o Volcanic eruption forms another source of obtaining direct information.
o Indirect Sources:
o Another source of information are the meteors that at times reach the earth.
o The other indirect sources include gravitation, magnetic field, and seismic activity.
Incorrect
· Explanation:
(C)
o Direct Sources:
o The most easily available solid earth material is surface rock or the rocks we get from mining areas.
o Besides mining, scientists have taken up a number of projects to penetrate deeper depths to explore the conditions in the crustal portions.
o Many deep drilling projects have provided large volume of information through the analysis of materials collected at different depths.
o Volcanic eruption forms another source of obtaining direct information.
o Indirect Sources:
o Another source of information are the meteors that at times reach the earth.
o The other indirect sources include gravitation, magnetic field, and seismic activity.
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements:
1) Earth’s crust has a density higher than the mantle part of Earth.
2) The inner core of the Earth is in solid state.
Which of the above statements is/are incorrect?
Correct
· Explanation:
(A)
o The portion of the interior beyond the crust is called the mantle.
o It has a density higher than the crust’s (3.4 g/cm3).
o The outer core of Earth is in liquid state while the inner core is in solid state.
o The core is made up of very heavy material mostly constituted by nickel and iron.
o It is sometimes referred to as the NiFe layer.
Incorrect
· Explanation:
(A)
o The portion of the interior beyond the crust is called the mantle.
o It has a density higher than the crust’s (3.4 g/cm3).
o The outer core of Earth is in liquid state while the inner core is in solid state.
o The core is made up of very heavy material mostly constituted by nickel and iron.
o It is sometimes referred to as the NiFe layer.
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Karst topography:
1) It is commonly associated with carbonate rocks.
2) Such topography occurs only in tropical and temperate environments.
3) Nearly a quarter of the world’s population depends upon water supplied from karst areas.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
· Solution:
(B)
o The term karst describes a distinctive topography that indicates dissolution (also called chemical solution) of underlying soluble rocks by surface water or ground water.
o Although commonly associated with carbonate rocks (limestone and dolomite) other highly soluble rocks such as evaporates (gypsum and rock salt) can be sculpted into karst terrain.
o Understanding caves and karst is important because ten percent of the Earth’s surface is occupied by karst landscape and as much as a quarter of the world’s population depends upon water supplied from karst areas.
o Though most abundant in humid regions where carbonate rock is present, karst terrain occurs in temperate, tropical, alpine and polar environments.
Incorrect
· Solution:
(B)
o The term karst describes a distinctive topography that indicates dissolution (also called chemical solution) of underlying soluble rocks by surface water or ground water.
o Although commonly associated with carbonate rocks (limestone and dolomite) other highly soluble rocks such as evaporates (gypsum and rock salt) can be sculpted into karst terrain.
o Understanding caves and karst is important because ten percent of the Earth’s surface is occupied by karst landscape and as much as a quarter of the world’s population depends upon water supplied from karst areas.
o Though most abundant in humid regions where carbonate rock is present, karst terrain occurs in temperate, tropical, alpine and polar environments.
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Badlands Topography:
1) Presence of Hard archaic granite rock system.
2) Characterized by steep slopes and minimal vegetation.
3) The geologic forms of Canyons, ravines, gullies, buttes and mesas are common in Badlands.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
· Explanation:
(C)
o Badlands are a type of dry terrain where softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded by wind and water.
o They are characterized by steep slopes, minimal vegetation, lack of a substantial regolith, and high drainage density.
o They can resemble malpaís, a terrain of volcanic rock. Canyons, ravines, gullies, buttes, mesas, hoodoos and other such geologic forms are common in Badlands.
Incorrect
· Explanation:
(C)
o Badlands are a type of dry terrain where softer sedimentary rocks and clay-rich soils have been extensively eroded by wind and water.
o They are characterized by steep slopes, minimal vegetation, lack of a substantial regolith, and high drainage density.
o They can resemble malpaís, a terrain of volcanic rock. Canyons, ravines, gullies, buttes, mesas, hoodoos and other such geologic forms are common in Badlands.
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements:
1) Moraines are accumulations of dirt and rocks that have fallen onto the glacier surface or have been pushed along by the glacier as it moves.
2) Loess is a type of silt which forms fertile topsoil in some parts of the world.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
· Explanation:
(C)
o Moraines are accumulations of dirt and rocks that have fallen onto the glacier surface or have been pushed along by the glacier as it moves.
o The dirt and rocks composing moraines can range in size from powdery silt to large rocks and boulders.
o A receding glacier can leave behind moraines that are visible long after the glacier retreats.
o Loess consists of tiny mineral particles brought by wind to the places where they now lie.
o It is a product of past glacial activity in an area. It is a sedimentary deposit of mineral particles which are finer than sand but coarser than dust or clay, deposited by the wind.
o Loess is a type of silt which forms fertile topsoil in some parts of the world.
Incorrect
· Explanation:
(C)
o Moraines are accumulations of dirt and rocks that have fallen onto the glacier surface or have been pushed along by the glacier as it moves.
o The dirt and rocks composing moraines can range in size from powdery silt to large rocks and boulders.
o A receding glacier can leave behind moraines that are visible long after the glacier retreats.
o Loess consists of tiny mineral particles brought by wind to the places where they now lie.
o It is a product of past glacial activity in an area. It is a sedimentary deposit of mineral particles which are finer than sand but coarser than dust or clay, deposited by the wind.
o Loess is a type of silt which forms fertile topsoil in some parts of the world.
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
2 points
Which of these geographical features is most likely to have the lowest mean elevation:
Correct
· Explanation:
(B)
o Deltas are the most likely to have the lowest mean elevation among the given options.
Incorrect
· Explanation:
(B)
o Deltas are the most likely to have the lowest mean elevation among the given options.
