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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs).
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) have the property of long-range environmental transport (LRET).
As we move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to decrease so that animals at the top of the food chain tend to have the low concentrations of these chemicals.
Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer and diseases of immune system.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: B
Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer, damage to central & peripheral nervous systems, diseases of immune system, reproductive disorders and interference with normal infant and child development. Uniqueness of POPs: POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings. In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels. As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Exposure to POPs can lead to cancer, damage to central & peripheral nervous systems, diseases of immune system, reproductive disorders and interference with normal infant and child development. Uniqueness of POPs: POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings. In fatty tissue, the concentrations can become magnified by up to 70 000 times higher than the background levels. As you move up the food chain, concentrations of POPs tend to increase so that animals at the top of the food chain such as fish, predatory birds, mammals, and humans tend to have the greatest concentrations of these chemicals.
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2 points
Birds Following Army Ants is an example for which of the following types of symbiotic relationship between organisms?
Correct
Answer: C
Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship between organisms in which one organism benefits without harming the other. Many birds form a commensal relationship with some species of ants like the army ants. A great number of army ants trail on the forest floor, and while moving, stir up many insects lying in their path. The birds follow these army ants and eat up the insects that try to escape from them. The birds benefit by catching their prey easily, while the army ants are totally unaffected.
Incorrect
Answer: C
Commensalism is a type of symbiotic relationship between organisms in which one organism benefits without harming the other. Many birds form a commensal relationship with some species of ants like the army ants. A great number of army ants trail on the forest floor, and while moving, stir up many insects lying in their path. The birds follow these army ants and eat up the insects that try to escape from them. The birds benefit by catching their prey easily, while the army ants are totally unaffected.
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
2 points
Which of the following best describes an Indicator species?
Correct
Answer: A
Indicator species, organism—often a microorganism or a plant—that serves as a measure of the environmental conditions that exist in a given locale. Example – Lichens: Quality of air can be determined based on its presence.
Incorrect
Answer: A
Indicator species, organism—often a microorganism or a plant—that serves as a measure of the environmental conditions that exist in a given locale. Example – Lichens: Quality of air can be determined based on its presence.
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Wetlands.
In India, Wetlands are regulated under the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.
Wetlands International is an independent, not-for-profit, global organisation that works to sustain and restore wetlands and their resources for people and biodiversity.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: B
Wetlands are regulated under the Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017. The 2010 version of the Rules provided for a Central Wetland Regulatory Authority; the 2017 Rules replace it with state-level bodies and created a National Wetland Committee, which functions in an advisory role. The newer regulations removed some items from the definition of “wetlands” including backwaters, lagoon, creeks, and estuaries.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Wetlands are regulated under the Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2017. The 2010 version of the Rules provided for a Central Wetland Regulatory Authority; the 2017 Rules replace it with state-level bodies and created a National Wetland Committee, which functions in an advisory role. The newer regulations removed some items from the definition of “wetlands” including backwaters, lagoon, creeks, and estuaries.
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
2 points
Increased Snow cover on a water body can lead to
Sudden spurt in phytoplankton population which are not dependent on photosynthesis
Improved oxygen exchange and nutrient recycling in the lake
A condition of winterkill causing large scale death of fishes and organisms
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Answer: B
Phytoplankton float on top surface of water bodies and require sunlight to thrive. Ice cover will reduce their breeding grounds and population. The snow cover blocks exchange of nutrients and oxygen from the atmosphere, however the same may continue within the water stream. But it is worse than before. Snow cover of ice on water body can effectively cut off light, plunging the waters into darkness. Hence photosynthesis stops but respiration continues. Thus, in shallow lakes, oxygen gets depleted, and due to lack of oxygen there is large scale death of fishes and other organisms. This condition is known as winterkill.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Phytoplankton float on top surface of water bodies and require sunlight to thrive. Ice cover will reduce their breeding grounds and population. The snow cover blocks exchange of nutrients and oxygen from the atmosphere, however the same may continue within the water stream. But it is worse than before. Snow cover of ice on water body can effectively cut off light, plunging the waters into darkness. Hence photosynthesis stops but respiration continues. Thus, in shallow lakes, oxygen gets depleted, and due to lack of oxygen there is large scale death of fishes and other organisms. This condition is known as winterkill.
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
2 points
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of ecosystems in the order of decreasing productivity?
Correct
Answer: C
Production/unit area depends on the number and diversity of producers. Mangroves are one of the high productive regions in the world whereas ocean has least productivity.
Incorrect
Answer: C
Production/unit area depends on the number and diversity of producers. Mangroves are one of the high productive regions in the world whereas ocean has least productivity.
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Bioluminescent organisms.
Bioluminescent organisms are found only in the ocean environments.
The colour of the light emitted by the organism depends on their chemical properties.
In some organisms, Bioluminescence acts as defence mechanism, to protect itself from other organisms.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: C
“Bioluminescent organisms are usually found in the ocean environments, but they are also found on terrestrial environments. The colour of the light emitted by the organism depends on their chemical properties.” In the case of fungi, the luminescence comes from the enzyme, luciferase. “The [green] light emits when luciferans is catalysed by the enzyme luciferase, in the presence of oxygen. During the chemical reaction, several unstable intermediate products are released as excess energy that makes them visible as light.
Incorrect
Answer: C
“Bioluminescent organisms are usually found in the ocean environments, but they are also found on terrestrial environments. The colour of the light emitted by the organism depends on their chemical properties.” In the case of fungi, the luminescence comes from the enzyme, luciferase. “The [green] light emits when luciferans is catalysed by the enzyme luciferase, in the presence of oxygen. During the chemical reaction, several unstable intermediate products are released as excess energy that makes them visible as light.
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
2 points
Why do exotic species post a threat to an indigenous ecosystem such as in a Lake or an isolated island in the Andamans?
Such species compete with the local or native species for food.
They may be predators of local species.
Such species may cause diseases in native species.
Select the correct answer code:
Correct
Answer: C
Exotic species introduced to new environments often reset the ecological conditions in that new habitat, threatening the species that exist there; this is the reason that they are also termed invasive species. Invasive species that are closely related to rare native species have the potential to hybridize with the native species; harmful effects of hybridization have led to a decline and even extinction of native species. Invasive species can change the food web in an ecosystem by destroying or replacing native food sources. The invasive species may provide little to no food value for wildlife. Lakes and islands are particularly vulnerable to extinction threats from introduced species.
Incorrect
Answer: C
Exotic species introduced to new environments often reset the ecological conditions in that new habitat, threatening the species that exist there; this is the reason that they are also termed invasive species. Invasive species that are closely related to rare native species have the potential to hybridize with the native species; harmful effects of hybridization have led to a decline and even extinction of native species. Invasive species can change the food web in an ecosystem by destroying or replacing native food sources. The invasive species may provide little to no food value for wildlife. Lakes and islands are particularly vulnerable to extinction threats from introduced species.
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements.
The energy pyramid of an ecosystem is always upright and narrows to the top.
The biomass in the upper trophic levels is generally very high as compared to the lower trophic levels.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: A
Since each higher trophic level receives only a fraction of energy of the lower trophic levels, the energy pyramid is narrow at the top. But, generally (barring some aquatic ecosystems) lower trophic levels have higher biomass as compared to the higher trophic levels.
Incorrect
Answer: A
Since each higher trophic level receives only a fraction of energy of the lower trophic levels, the energy pyramid is narrow at the top. But, generally (barring some aquatic ecosystems) lower trophic levels have higher biomass as compared to the higher trophic levels.
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Gravitational waves (G-waves).
G- Waves can pass through any intervening matter without being scattered significantly.
They can be observed in the merger of two black holes.
All movement of matter in space create G-waves that can be easily noticed by satellites.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: A
While light from distant stars may be blocked out by interstellar dust, gravitational waves will pass through essentially unimpeded. This feature allows G-Waves to carry information about astronomical phenomena never before observed by humans. With this detection we will be able to turn the Universe into our own laboratory.
Not all movements lead to massive or noticeable Gravitational waves. • Two objects orbiting each other in a planar orbit such as a planet orbiting the Sun or a binary star system or the merging of two black holes will radiate Gravitational waves! But, if the objects are really small and their gravitational pull and the way they bend space-time curve is not significant, they won’t create noticeable gravitational waves. It is extremely hard to track the G-waves of even big events like black hole formation.
Incorrect
Answer: A
While light from distant stars may be blocked out by interstellar dust, gravitational waves will pass through essentially unimpeded. This feature allows G-Waves to carry information about astronomical phenomena never before observed by humans. With this detection we will be able to turn the Universe into our own laboratory.
Not all movements lead to massive or noticeable Gravitational waves. • Two objects orbiting each other in a planar orbit such as a planet orbiting the Sun or a binary star system or the merging of two black holes will radiate Gravitational waves! But, if the objects are really small and their gravitational pull and the way they bend space-time curve is not significant, they won’t create noticeable gravitational waves. It is extremely hard to track the G-waves of even big events like black hole formation.
