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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the term popularized by the socio-biologist Edward Wilson.
Species diversity means a single species might show high diversity at the genetic level over its distributional range.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the term popularized by the socio-biologist Edward Wilson.
Species diversity means a single species might show high diversity at the genetic level over its distributional range.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: a)
Levels of Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the term popularized by the socio-biologist Edward Wilson to describe the combined diversity at all the levels of biological organisation.
The most important of them are–
(i) Genetic diversity: A single species might show high diversity at the genetic level over its distributional range. The genetic variation shown by the medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria growing in different Himalayan ranges might be in terms of the potency and concentration of the active chemical (reserpine) that the plant produces. India has more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice, and 1,000 varieties of mango.
(ii) Species diversity: The diversity at the species level, for example, the Western Ghats has greater amphibian species diversity than the Eastern Ghats.
(iii) Ecological diversity: At the ecosystem level, India, for instance, with its deserts, rain forests, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries, and alpine meadows has greater ecosystem diversity than a Scandinavian country like Norway.
Incorrect
Solution: a)
Levels of Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the term popularized by the socio-biologist Edward Wilson to describe the combined diversity at all the levels of biological organisation.
The most important of them are–
(i) Genetic diversity: A single species might show high diversity at the genetic level over its distributional range. The genetic variation shown by the medicinal plant Rauwolfia vomitoria growing in different Himalayan ranges might be in terms of the potency and concentration of the active chemical (reserpine) that the plant produces. India has more than 50,000 genetically different strains of rice, and 1,000 varieties of mango.
(ii) Species diversity: The diversity at the species level, for example, the Western Ghats has greater amphibian species diversity than the Eastern Ghats.
(iii) Ecological diversity: At the ecosystem level, India, for instance, with its deserts, rain forests, mangroves, coral reefs, wetlands, estuaries, and alpine meadows has greater ecosystem diversity than a Scandinavian country like Norway.
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Community
1. It is a group of organisms usually of the same species, occupying a defined area during a specific time.
2. Communities in most instances are named after the dominant plant form (species).
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: b)
Population is a group of organisms usually of the same species, occupying a defined area during a specific time.
Community:
Communities in most instances are named after the dominant plant form (species).
In a community the number of species and size of their population vary greatly. A community may have one or several species.
The environmental factors determine the characteristic of the community as well as the pattern of organization of the members in the community.
Incorrect
Solution: b)
Population is a group of organisms usually of the same species, occupying a defined area during a specific time.
Community:
Communities in most instances are named after the dominant plant form (species).
In a community the number of species and size of their population vary greatly. A community may have one or several species.
The environmental factors determine the characteristic of the community as well as the pattern of organization of the members in the community.
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Pyramid of Numbers
1. This deal with the relationship between the numbers of primary producers and consumers of different levels.
2. Inverted pyramid of numbers is found in pond ecosystem.
3. A pyramid of numbers does not take into account the fact that the size of organisms being counted in each trophic level.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: c)
Pyramid of Numbers:
This deals with the relationship between the numbers of primary producers and consumers of different levels. It is a graphic representation of the total number of individuals of different species, belonging to each trophic level in an ecosystem.
A pyramid of numbers does not take into account the fact that the size of organisms being counted in each trophic level can vary.
It is very difficult to count all the organisms, in a pyramid of numbers and so the pyramid of number does not completely define the trophic structure for an ecosystem.
Incorrect
Solution: c)
Pyramid of Numbers:
This deals with the relationship between the numbers of primary producers and consumers of different levels. It is a graphic representation of the total number of individuals of different species, belonging to each trophic level in an ecosystem.
A pyramid of numbers does not take into account the fact that the size of organisms being counted in each trophic level can vary.
It is very difficult to count all the organisms, in a pyramid of numbers and so the pyramid of number does not completely define the trophic structure for an ecosystem.
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Biodiversity across the world.
1. More than 70 per cent of all the species recorded are plants
2. Among animals, insects are the most species-rich taxonomic group, making up more than 70 per cent of the total.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: b)
More than 70 per cent of all the species recorded are animals, while plants (including algae, fungi, bryophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms) comprise no more than 22 per cent of the total. Among animals, insects are the most species-rich taxonomic group, making up more than 70 per cent of the total. That means, out of every 10 animals on this planet, 7 are insects.
Incorrect
Solution: b)
More than 70 per cent of all the species recorded are animals, while plants (including algae, fungi, bryophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms) comprise no more than 22 per cent of the total. Among animals, insects are the most species-rich taxonomic group, making up more than 70 per cent of the total. That means, out of every 10 animals on this planet, 7 are insects.
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
2 points
Which of the following are Ex situ Conservation methods?
Botanical gardens
Zoological parks
Sacred groves
Wildlife safari parks
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: d)
Ex situ Conservation– In this approach, threatened animals and plants are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special setting where they can be protected and given special care. Zoological parks, botanical gardens and wildlife safari parks serve this purpose. There are many animals that have become extinct in the wild but continue to be maintained in zoological parks.
A sacred grove or sacred woods are any grove of trees that are of special religious importance to a particular culture. Sacred groves feature in various cultures throughout the world. Thus, they belong to in-situ conservation efforts. In fact, sacred groves represent the ancient Indian way of in situ conservation of genetic diversity.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
Ex situ Conservation– In this approach, threatened animals and plants are taken out from their natural habitat and placed in special setting where they can be protected and given special care. Zoological parks, botanical gardens and wildlife safari parks serve this purpose. There are many animals that have become extinct in the wild but continue to be maintained in zoological parks.
A sacred grove or sacred woods are any grove of trees that are of special religious importance to a particular culture. Sacred groves feature in various cultures throughout the world. Thus, they belong to in-situ conservation efforts. In fact, sacred groves represent the ancient Indian way of in situ conservation of genetic diversity.
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements.
1. India is home to nearly 90% of the global tiger population.
2. India has already fulfilled its resolve of doubling tiger numbers, made at St. Petersburg in 2010, much before the target year of 2025.
3. All India Tiger Estimation is done annually and is steered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority.
Which of the above statements is/are .?
Correct
Solution: d)
India is home to nearly 75% of the global tiger population.
It has already fulfilled its resolve of doubling tiger numbers, made at St. Petersburg in 2010, much before the target year of 2022.
The All India Tiger Estimation done quadrennially is steered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority with technical backstopping from the Wildlife Institute of India and implemented by State Forest Departments and partners.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
India is home to nearly 75% of the global tiger population.
It has already fulfilled its resolve of doubling tiger numbers, made at St. Petersburg in 2010, much before the target year of 2022.
The All India Tiger Estimation done quadrennially is steered by the National Tiger Conservation Authority with technical backstopping from the Wildlife Institute of India and implemented by State Forest Departments and partners.
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Pangolin.
1. Pangolin is the only scaly mammal on Earth.
2. Indian pangolin has been listed as “Critically endangered”.
3. Not all the species of pangolins are found in India.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: b)
1. Pangolin is the only scaly mammal on the planet.
2. According to CITES, it is also the most illegally traded vertebrate within its class (Mammalia).
3. Of the eight species of pangolin worldwide, two are found in India. They are Chinese pangolin, mostly found in northeast India and Indian pangolin.
4. Chinese pangolin has been listed as “critically endangered”.
5. Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) has been listed as “endangered”.
6. It is also a Schedule I category protected animal, under the Wildlife Protection Act (1972).
Incorrect
Solution: b)
1. Pangolin is the only scaly mammal on the planet.
2. According to CITES, it is also the most illegally traded vertebrate within its class (Mammalia).
3. Of the eight species of pangolin worldwide, two are found in India. They are Chinese pangolin, mostly found in northeast India and Indian pangolin.
4. Chinese pangolin has been listed as “critically endangered”.
5. Indian pangolin (Manis crassicaudata) has been listed as “endangered”.
6. It is also a Schedule I category protected animal, under the Wildlife Protection Act (1972).
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Food chains.
1. The grazing food chain is found in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem.
2. The grazing and detritus food chains are not interlinked.
3. The initial energy source for detritus food chain is dead organic matter.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: b)
1. A sequence of organisms that feed on one another, forma food chain. In nature, two main types of food chains have been found: Grazing food chain and Detritus food chain.
2. The grazing food chain starts with producers or autotrophs as base, which is consumed by heterotrophs. It is found in both Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
3. The Detritus food chain starts from dead organic ‘matter of decaying animals and plant bodies to the microorganisms and then to detritus feeding organism called detrivores or decomposer and to other predators.
The two food chains are linked as the initial energy source for detritus food chain is the waste materials and dead organic matter from the grazing food chain
Incorrect
Solution: b)
1. A sequence of organisms that feed on one another, forma food chain. In nature, two main types of food chains have been found: Grazing food chain and Detritus food chain.
2. The grazing food chain starts with producers or autotrophs as base, which is consumed by heterotrophs. It is found in both Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.
3. The Detritus food chain starts from dead organic ‘matter of decaying animals and plant bodies to the microorganisms and then to detritus feeding organism called detrivores or decomposer and to other predators.
The two food chains are linked as the initial energy source for detritus food chain is the waste materials and dead organic matter from the grazing food chain
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Senna Spectabilis.
Senna spectabilis is a deciduous tree native to South and Central America.
It is an invasive species found in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR).
Which of the above statements is/are .?
Correct
Solution: d)
There is rampant growth of invasive plants, especially Senna spectabilis, in the forest areas of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), including the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary.
Senna spectabilis is a plant species native to South and Central America. They are often grown as an ornamental in front yards, parks, gardens, buildings etc. due to their bright yellow flowers that bloom during the summer months. The plant has become an invasive alien species in parts of Africa.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
There is rampant growth of invasive plants, especially Senna spectabilis, in the forest areas of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), including the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary.
Senna spectabilis is a plant species native to South and Central America. They are often grown as an ornamental in front yards, parks, gardens, buildings etc. due to their bright yellow flowers that bloom during the summer months. The plant has become an invasive alien species in parts of Africa.
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding the mechanisms to reduce emissions.
1. A scrubber can remove gases like Sulphur dioxide.
2. An electrostatic precipitator can remove over 90 per cent particulate matter present in the exhaust from a thermal power plant.
3. Catalytic converters can convert unburnt hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Correct
Solution: d)
There are several ways of removing particulate matter; the most widely used of which is the electrostatic precipitator, which can remove over 99 per cent particulate matter present in the exhaust from a thermal power plant.
A scrubber can remove gases like Sulphur dioxide. In a scrubber, the exhaust is passed through a
spray of water or lime.
Catalytic converters, having expensive metals namely platinum-palladium and rhodium as the
catalysts, are fitted into automobiles for reducing emission of poisonous gases. As the exhaust passes through the catalytic converter, unburnt hydrocarbons are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are changed to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, respectively.
Incorrect
Solution: d)
There are several ways of removing particulate matter; the most widely used of which is the electrostatic precipitator, which can remove over 99 per cent particulate matter present in the exhaust from a thermal power plant.
A scrubber can remove gases like Sulphur dioxide. In a scrubber, the exhaust is passed through a
spray of water or lime.
Catalytic converters, having expensive metals namely platinum-palladium and rhodium as the
catalysts, are fitted into automobiles for reducing emission of poisonous gases. As the exhaust passes through the catalytic converter, unburnt hydrocarbons are converted into carbon dioxide and water, and carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are changed to carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas, respectively.
