Voice deepfakes

#GS 03 Cybersecurity

Deepfakes are synthesised media that are either wholly generated or manipulated by Artificial Intelligence.
They can include images, audio and video and are used to show real people saying and doing things they never did, or creating new images and videos.
Deepfakes are used to tarnish reputations, create mistrust, question facts, and spread propaganda.
The word ‘deepfake’ is a combination of ‘deep learning’ which is a subset of the artificial intelligence and the word ‘fake’.
India has not enacted any specific legislation to deal with deepfakes so far.
Currently, most social media companies such as Facebook and Twitter have banned deepfake videos.
They have declared that if they detect any video as deepfake manipulated or synthetically generated, it will be taken down.
A voice deepfake can closely mimics a real person’s voice and accurately replicate tonality, accents, cadence, and other unique characteristics of the target person.

Software such as OpenAI’s Vall-e, My Own Voice, Resemble, Descript, ReSpeecher, and iSpeech can be used in voice cloning.

Legal ambiguity, coupled with a lack of accountability and oversight creates avenues for individuals, firms and even non-state actors to misuse AI.
They compromise the public’s ability to distinguish between fact and fiction and can be used to spread misinformation and propaganda.
Deepfake have been commonly used to misrepresent/malign well-known politicians in videos.
This technology is being increasingly used for creating fake news, hoaxes, and committing financial fraud.

Highly advanced technologies, software, and hardware are needed to detect voice deepfakes by breaking down speech patterns, background noise, and other elements.
However, Cybersecurity tools have yet to create foolproof ways to detect audio deepfakes.
Watermarks and blockchain technologies are used by research labs to detect deepfake technology.

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