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Question 1 of 10
1. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Zoroastrianism:
1. This religion has its origin in Persia by the prophet Zarathustra around 6-7 BCE.
2. Their sacred text is called Zend Avesta is written in Persian.
3. They are a monotheistic religion who believe in one eternal god.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans C
Explanation:
· Zoroastrianism This religion has its origin in Persia by the prophet Zarathustra around 6-7 BCE. They are a monotheistic religion who believe in one eternal god whose name is Ahura Mazda who is the epitome of just behaviour and goodness. There is a spirit of malice and bad behaviour called Angra Mainyu. These two keep fighting with each other and this is an eternal struggle and one day good will win over evil and that will be the last day. The first contact of the Zoroastrians with India was in 936 A.D. when they fled from Iran because of the Islamic invasions. They are commonly known as Parsis and are presently amongst the smallest (and rapidly shrinking) communities in India. They live mostly in Mumbai, Goa and Ahmedabad. Their fire temples called Atash Bahram are rare and only eight known temples exist in the entire country. Their sacred text called Zend Avesta is written in Old Avestan and consists of 17 sacred songs (gathas) and the Athuna Vairyo (sacred chant), which was supposedly written by Zarathustra himself. The translations of these texts and compiled glossaries are called Zend. This collection is divided into five parts: 1. Yasna: Worship with ceremony and offerings 2. Videvdat: Laws against the demons 3. Yashts: to worship through praise 4. Khordeh Avesta: Book on Daily prayers 5. Gathas: These are further divided into five parts called the Ahunavaiti, Ushtavaiti, Spenta-Mainyu, Vohu-Khshathra and Vashishta-Ishti. They worship fire but also consider air, water and earth to be sacred elements. They believe that dead matter is a corrupting element to everything and hence, they place the dead bodies in the open to be eaten by the vultures. These open spaces are called ‘Dakhma’ and the vultures that eat them are called ‘Dakhma Nashini’. The only space known in India where they are left are the ‘Towers of Silence’ in Mumbai. Now-a-days, people have even started cremating or burying their dead.
Incorrect
Ans C
Explanation:
· Zoroastrianism This religion has its origin in Persia by the prophet Zarathustra around 6-7 BCE. They are a monotheistic religion who believe in one eternal god whose name is Ahura Mazda who is the epitome of just behaviour and goodness. There is a spirit of malice and bad behaviour called Angra Mainyu. These two keep fighting with each other and this is an eternal struggle and one day good will win over evil and that will be the last day. The first contact of the Zoroastrians with India was in 936 A.D. when they fled from Iran because of the Islamic invasions. They are commonly known as Parsis and are presently amongst the smallest (and rapidly shrinking) communities in India. They live mostly in Mumbai, Goa and Ahmedabad. Their fire temples called Atash Bahram are rare and only eight known temples exist in the entire country. Their sacred text called Zend Avesta is written in Old Avestan and consists of 17 sacred songs (gathas) and the Athuna Vairyo (sacred chant), which was supposedly written by Zarathustra himself. The translations of these texts and compiled glossaries are called Zend. This collection is divided into five parts: 1. Yasna: Worship with ceremony and offerings 2. Videvdat: Laws against the demons 3. Yashts: to worship through praise 4. Khordeh Avesta: Book on Daily prayers 5. Gathas: These are further divided into five parts called the Ahunavaiti, Ushtavaiti, Spenta-Mainyu, Vohu-Khshathra and Vashishta-Ishti. They worship fire but also consider air, water and earth to be sacred elements. They believe that dead matter is a corrupting element to everything and hence, they place the dead bodies in the open to be eaten by the vultures. These open spaces are called ‘Dakhma’ and the vultures that eat them are called ‘Dakhma Nashini’. The only space known in India where they are left are the ‘Towers of Silence’ in Mumbai. Now-a-days, people have even started cremating or burying their dead.
Question 2 of 10
2. Question
2 points
A Code of Gentoo Laws is a translation of?
Correct
Ans D
Explanation:
· The Gentoo Code (also known as A Code of Gentoo Laws or Ordinations of the Pundits) is a legal code translated from Sanskrit (in which it was known as vivādārṇavasetu) into Persian by Brahmin scholars; and then from Persian into English by Nathaniel Brassey Halhed, a British grammarian working for the East India Company. Vivādārṇavasetu is a digest of Hindu law in 21 sections (taraṅga) compiled for Warren Hastings by the pandits. The translation was funded and encouraged by Warren Hastings as a method of increasing colonial hold over the Indies. It was translated into English with a view to know about the culture and local laws of various parts of Indian subcontinent. It was printed privately by the East India Company in London in 1776 under the title A Code of Gentoo Laws, or, Ordinations of the Pundits. It is basically about the Hindu law of inheritance (Manusmriti). The Pandits and the Maulvis were associated with judges to understand the civil law of Hindus and Muslims.
Incorrect
Ans D
Explanation:
· The Gentoo Code (also known as A Code of Gentoo Laws or Ordinations of the Pundits) is a legal code translated from Sanskrit (in which it was known as vivādārṇavasetu) into Persian by Brahmin scholars; and then from Persian into English by Nathaniel Brassey Halhed, a British grammarian working for the East India Company. Vivādārṇavasetu is a digest of Hindu law in 21 sections (taraṅga) compiled for Warren Hastings by the pandits. The translation was funded and encouraged by Warren Hastings as a method of increasing colonial hold over the Indies. It was translated into English with a view to know about the culture and local laws of various parts of Indian subcontinent. It was printed privately by the East India Company in London in 1776 under the title A Code of Gentoo Laws, or, Ordinations of the Pundits. It is basically about the Hindu law of inheritance (Manusmriti). The Pandits and the Maulvis were associated with judges to understand the civil law of Hindus and Muslims.
Question 3 of 10
3. Question
2 points
The work ‘Mricchakatika’ deals with?
Correct
Ans A
Explanation:
· Kalidasa Malavikagnimitra (The love story of Malavika a maiden of Queen and Agnimitra the son of Pushyamitra Shunga) Vikramorvasiya (Love story of Vikram and Urvasi) Abhigyana Shakuntala (the recognition of Shakuntala) Sudraka Mricchakatika (The Little Clay Cart) Love affair of young brahmin Charudatta with a wealthy courtesan. Vishakhdutta Mudra Rakshasa (is a political drama and narrates ascent of king Chandragupta Maurya to power in India) Devi Chandraguptam Bhavabhuti Uttara Ramacharitam (the later life of Rama). It was written in 700 AD. Bhasa Swapnavasavadatta (Vasavadatta in dream), Pancharatra, Urubhanga (story of Duryodhana during and after his fight with Bhima. Harshavardhana Ratnavali (about the love story of princess Ratnavali, daughter of the king of Ceylon and king Udayana. We find here, the mention of celebration of Holi for the first time).
Incorrect
Ans A
Explanation:
· Kalidasa Malavikagnimitra (The love story of Malavika a maiden of Queen and Agnimitra the son of Pushyamitra Shunga) Vikramorvasiya (Love story of Vikram and Urvasi) Abhigyana Shakuntala (the recognition of Shakuntala) Sudraka Mricchakatika (The Little Clay Cart) Love affair of young brahmin Charudatta with a wealthy courtesan. Vishakhdutta Mudra Rakshasa (is a political drama and narrates ascent of king Chandragupta Maurya to power in India) Devi Chandraguptam Bhavabhuti Uttara Ramacharitam (the later life of Rama). It was written in 700 AD. Bhasa Swapnavasavadatta (Vasavadatta in dream), Pancharatra, Urubhanga (story of Duryodhana during and after his fight with Bhima. Harshavardhana Ratnavali (about the love story of princess Ratnavali, daughter of the king of Ceylon and king Udayana. We find here, the mention of celebration of Holi for the first time).
Question 4 of 10
4. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Zonal Cultural Centres:
1. The Ministry of Culture has set up seven ‘Zonal Cultural Centres’ (ZCCs) across the country.
2. The main objective of these Centres is the development, preservation, promotion and dissemination of the traditional arts of the country.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans C
Explanation:
· The Ministry of Culture has set up seven ‘Zonal Cultural Centres’ (ZCCs) across the country, having headquarters at Patiala, Udaipur, Allahabad, Kolkata, Dimapur, Nagpur and Thanjavur. The main objective of these Centres is the development, preservation, promotion and dissemination of the traditional arts of the country. To protect, promote & preserve various forms of folk art and culture throughout the country including Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand & Odisha, the Government of India has set up seven Zonal Cultural Centres (ZCCs) with headquarters at Patiala, Nagpur, Udaipur, Prayagraj, Kolkata, Dimapur and Thanjavur. These ZCCs organize various cultural activities & programmes on regular basis all over the country.
Incorrect
Ans C
Explanation:
· The Ministry of Culture has set up seven ‘Zonal Cultural Centres’ (ZCCs) across the country, having headquarters at Patiala, Udaipur, Allahabad, Kolkata, Dimapur, Nagpur and Thanjavur. The main objective of these Centres is the development, preservation, promotion and dissemination of the traditional arts of the country. To protect, promote & preserve various forms of folk art and culture throughout the country including Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand & Odisha, the Government of India has set up seven Zonal Cultural Centres (ZCCs) with headquarters at Patiala, Nagpur, Udaipur, Prayagraj, Kolkata, Dimapur and Thanjavur. These ZCCs organize various cultural activities & programmes on regular basis all over the country.
Question 5 of 10
5. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Yoga school of Philosophy:
1. The yogic techniques of meditation and physical application will lead to the release of the Purusha from the Prakriti and would eventually lead to salvation.
2. This origin of Yoga has been expounded in the Yogasutra of Patanjali.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans C
Explanation:
· The Yoga school literally means the union of two major entities. They argue that human being can achieve salvation by combining meditation and physical application of yogic techniques. It is argued that these techniques lead to the release of the Purusha from the Prakriti and would eventually lead to salvation. This origin of Yoga and the school have been expounded in the Yogasutra of Patanjali that is attributed tentatively to the 2nd century BCE he physical aspect of this school deals primarily with exercises in various postures that are also called asanas. There are several types of breathing exercises that are called pranayams. The Yoga school favours these techniques as they help humans to control their mind, body and sensory organs. They propound that these exercises can help if one believes in the existence of god as a guide, mentor and teacher. They would help the individual to move away from worldly matter and achieve the concentration required to get salvation.
Incorrect
Ans C
Explanation:
· The Yoga school literally means the union of two major entities. They argue that human being can achieve salvation by combining meditation and physical application of yogic techniques. It is argued that these techniques lead to the release of the Purusha from the Prakriti and would eventually lead to salvation. This origin of Yoga and the school have been expounded in the Yogasutra of Patanjali that is attributed tentatively to the 2nd century BCE he physical aspect of this school deals primarily with exercises in various postures that are also called asanas. There are several types of breathing exercises that are called pranayams. The Yoga school favours these techniques as they help humans to control their mind, body and sensory organs. They propound that these exercises can help if one believes in the existence of god as a guide, mentor and teacher. They would help the individual to move away from worldly matter and achieve the concentration required to get salvation.
Question 6 of 10
6. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Vaisheshika school?
1. According to this school, everything in the universe was created by the four main elements: air, water, earth and ether (sky).
2. They developed the atomic theory and are responsible for the beginning of physics in Indian subcontinent.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans
Explanation:
· The Vaisheshika school believes in the physicality of the Universe and is considered to be the realistic and objective philosophy that governs the universe. The Kanada who also wrote the basic text governing the Vaisheshika philosophy is often considered the founder of this school. They argue that everything in the universe was created by the five main elements: fire, air, water, earth and ether (sky). These material elements are also called Dravya. They also argue that reality has many categories, for example, action, attribute, genus, inherence, substance and distinct quality. As this school has a very scientific approach, they also developed the atomic theory, i.e. all material objects are made of atoms. They explain the phenomenon of this universe by arguing that the atoms and molecules combined to make matter, which is the basis for everything that can be physically touched or seen. This school was also responsible for the beginning of physics in Indian subcontinent. They are considered to be the propounders of the mechanical process of formation of this Universe.
Incorrect
Ans
Explanation:
· The Vaisheshika school believes in the physicality of the Universe and is considered to be the realistic and objective philosophy that governs the universe. The Kanada who also wrote the basic text governing the Vaisheshika philosophy is often considered the founder of this school. They argue that everything in the universe was created by the five main elements: fire, air, water, earth and ether (sky). These material elements are also called Dravya. They also argue that reality has many categories, for example, action, attribute, genus, inherence, substance and distinct quality. As this school has a very scientific approach, they also developed the atomic theory, i.e. all material objects are made of atoms. They explain the phenomenon of this universe by arguing that the atoms and molecules combined to make matter, which is the basis for everything that can be physically touched or seen. This school was also responsible for the beginning of physics in Indian subcontinent. They are considered to be the propounders of the mechanical process of formation of this Universe.
Question 7 of 10
7. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Lokayata Philosophy:
1. Brihaspati laid the foundation stone of this school.
2. They argued in favour of Gods and their representatives on the earth.
3. The philosophy is old enough to find mention in the Vedas and Brihadarankya Upanishad.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans C
Explanation:
· Charvaka School or Lokayata Philosophy Brihaspati laid the foundation stone of this school and it was supposed to be one of the earliest schools that developed a philosophical theory. The philosophy is old enough to find mention in the Vedas and Brihadarankya Upanishad. The Charvaka School was the main propounder of the materialistic view to achieve salvation. As it was geared towards the common people, the philosophy was soon dubbed as Lokayata or something derived from the common people. They argued against Gods and their representatives on the earth – the priestly class. They argued that a Brahman manufactures false rituals so as to acquire gifts (dakshina) from the followers. Man is the centre of all activities and he should enjoy himself as long as he lives. He should consume all earthly goods and indulge in sensual pleasure. The Charvakas do not consider ‘ether’ as one of the five essential elements as it cannot be experienced through the perception. Hence, they say the universe consists of only four elements: fire, earth, water and air.
Incorrect
Ans C
Explanation:
· Charvaka School or Lokayata Philosophy Brihaspati laid the foundation stone of this school and it was supposed to be one of the earliest schools that developed a philosophical theory. The philosophy is old enough to find mention in the Vedas and Brihadarankya Upanishad. The Charvaka School was the main propounder of the materialistic view to achieve salvation. As it was geared towards the common people, the philosophy was soon dubbed as Lokayata or something derived from the common people. They argued against Gods and their representatives on the earth – the priestly class. They argued that a Brahman manufactures false rituals so as to acquire gifts (dakshina) from the followers. Man is the centre of all activities and he should enjoy himself as long as he lives. He should consume all earthly goods and indulge in sensual pleasure. The Charvakas do not consider ‘ether’ as one of the five essential elements as it cannot be experienced through the perception. Hence, they say the universe consists of only four elements: fire, earth, water and air.
Question 8 of 10
8. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Sangeet Natak Akademi:
1. It is an autonomous statutory body funded by Ministry of Culture.
2. It is India’s national academy of music, dance and drama.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans B
Explanation:
· Sangeet Natak Akademi, India’s national academy of music, dance and drama, is a pioneer in the creation of modern India. The ephemeral quality of the arts, and the need for their preservation led to the adapting of a democratic system in which the common man had the opportunity to learn, practice and propagate the arts. In 1945, the Asiatic Society of Bengal submitted a proposal for the creation of a National Cultural Trust consisting of three academies-an academy of dance, drama and music; an academy of letters and an academy of art and architecture. It led to the creation of three national academies after Independence. The national Academy named Sangeet Natak Akademi, was the first of these entities to be established by a resolution of the Ministry of Education. In 1961, the Sangeet Natak Akademi was reconstituted by the Government as a society and registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (as amended in 1957).
Incorrect
Ans B
Explanation:
· Sangeet Natak Akademi, India’s national academy of music, dance and drama, is a pioneer in the creation of modern India. The ephemeral quality of the arts, and the need for their preservation led to the adapting of a democratic system in which the common man had the opportunity to learn, practice and propagate the arts. In 1945, the Asiatic Society of Bengal submitted a proposal for the creation of a National Cultural Trust consisting of three academies-an academy of dance, drama and music; an academy of letters and an academy of art and architecture. It led to the creation of three national academies after Independence. The national Academy named Sangeet Natak Akademi, was the first of these entities to be established by a resolution of the Ministry of Education. In 1961, the Sangeet Natak Akademi was reconstituted by the Government as a society and registered under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 (as amended in 1957).
Question 9 of 10
9. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Bhitarkanika National Park:
1. It is located in the state of Odisha.
2. It has one of the largest populations of endangered saltwater crocodile in India.
3. It is identified as Ramsar site.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans D
Explanation:
· The Bhitarkanika National Park is located in Kendrapada district of Odisha in the delta of rivers Brahmani, Baitarani and Dhamara. It is the second largest mangrove ecosystem in India and is a Ramsar site. Gahirmatha Beach and Marine Sanctuary which is known as the world’s largest rookery of Olive Ridley sea turtles, lies to its east. INSTA 75 Days RE.
Incorrect
Ans D
Explanation:
· The Bhitarkanika National Park is located in Kendrapada district of Odisha in the delta of rivers Brahmani, Baitarani and Dhamara. It is the second largest mangrove ecosystem in India and is a Ramsar site. Gahirmatha Beach and Marine Sanctuary which is known as the world’s largest rookery of Olive Ridley sea turtles, lies to its east. INSTA 75 Days RE.
Question 10 of 10
10. Question
2 points
Consider the following statements regarding Khyal:
1. The origin of this style was attributed to Amir Khusrau.
2. Khyal is based on the repertoire of long songs.
3. Usually, the theme for the Khyal bandish is romantic in nature.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Ans C
Explanation:
· Khyal The word ‘Khyal’ is derived from Persian and means “idea or imagination”. The origin of this style was attributed to Amir Khusrau. This form is popular amongst the artists as this provides greater scope for improvisation. Khyal is based on the repertoire of short songs ranging from two to eight lines. Generally, a Khyal composition is also referred to as a ‘Bandish’. Sultan Mohammad Sharqi gave the biggest patronage to Khyal in the 15th century. One of the most unique features of Khyal is the use of taan in the composition. Because of this, Alap is given much less room in the Khyal music as compared to Dhrupad. A typical Khyal performance uses two songs: 1. Bada Khyal: sung in the slow tempo 2. Chhota Khyal: sung in the fast tempo In most cases, every singer renders the same bandish differently, while keeping the text and raga as constant. Usually, the theme for these Khyal bandish is romantic in nature. They sing about love, even if they are related to the divine creatures. It may be praising God or a particular king. Exceptional Khyal compositions are composed in the praise of Lord Krishna.
Incorrect
Ans C
Explanation:
· Khyal The word ‘Khyal’ is derived from Persian and means “idea or imagination”. The origin of this style was attributed to Amir Khusrau. This form is popular amongst the artists as this provides greater scope for improvisation. Khyal is based on the repertoire of short songs ranging from two to eight lines. Generally, a Khyal composition is also referred to as a ‘Bandish’. Sultan Mohammad Sharqi gave the biggest patronage to Khyal in the 15th century. One of the most unique features of Khyal is the use of taan in the composition. Because of this, Alap is given much less room in the Khyal music as compared to Dhrupad. A typical Khyal performance uses two songs: 1. Bada Khyal: sung in the slow tempo 2. Chhota Khyal: sung in the fast tempo In most cases, every singer renders the same bandish differently, while keeping the text and raga as constant. Usually, the theme for these Khyal bandish is romantic in nature. They sing about love, even if they are related to the divine creatures. It may be praising God or a particular king. Exceptional Khyal compositions are composed in the praise of Lord Krishna.
